18494433
2008
05
22
2008
07
11
0969-0700
17
4
2008
Apr
Journal of wound care
Impact of adhesive surgical tape and wound dressings on the skin, with reference to skin stripping.
157-8, 160-2
Age- and disease-related factors can cause the skin to become susceptible to damage, particularly at dressing change. This review recommends ways of avoiding skin trauma when removing adhesive dressings and surgical tapes.
Buckinghamshire New University, UK. info@healthdirections.co.uk
Cutting
K F
KF
eng
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
England
J Wound Care
9417080
N
Age Factors
Aged
Aging
pathology
Bandages
adverse effects
supply & distribution
Causality
Geriatric Assessment
Humans
Nursing Assessment
Patient Selection
Skin
injuries
pathology
Skin Care
adverse effects
instrumentation
nursing
Surgical Tape
adverse effects
supply & distribution
Wound Healing
33
2008
5
23
9
0
2008
7
12
9
0
2008
5
23
9
0
ppublish
18494433
17413830
2007
04
06
2007
09
19
1071-5754
34
2
2007 Mar-Apr
Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing : official publication of The Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society / WOCN
Prevention and treatment of moisture-associated skin damage (maceration) in the periwound skin.
153-7
Department of Urology and School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. mg5k@virginia.edu
Gray
Mikel
M
Weir
Dorothy
D
eng
Journal Article
Review
United States
J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs
9435679
N
Absorbent Pads
Bandages
Clinical Nursing Research
Dermatitis
etiology
prevention & control
Evidence-Based Medicine
Exudates and Transudates
Fecal Incontinence
complications
Honey
Humans
Humidity
adverse effects
Perineum
injuries
Risk Factors
Skin Care
methods
nursing
Suction
Urinary Incontinence
complications
36
2007
4
7
9
0
2007
9
20
9
0
2007
4
7
9
0
ppublish
10.1097/01.WON.0000264827.80613.05
00152192-200703000-00010
17413830
15551919
2004
11
19
2004
12
23
2005
11
16
0029-6570
19
7
2004 Oct 27-Nov 2
Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)
Exudate and care of the peri-wound skin.
62, 64, 66 passim
A moist environment provides the optimum conditions for wound healing, but maintaining control of exudate and preventing its contact with the surrounding skin remain a challenge to carers. An essential part of management is identifying the underlying pathology of the wound. Correct diagnosis of the cause of increased exudate production is necessary for the implementation of appropriate interventions. Continual assessment of the wound and surrounding skin, together with evaluation of dressing performance, are integral to manage the different stages of wound healing.
Department of Dermatology, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, Headington, Oxford. janice.cameron@orh.nhs.uk
Cameron
Janice
J
eng
Journal Article
Review
England
Nurs Stand
9012906
0
Dermatologic Agents
N
Bandages
Chronic Disease
Dermatologic Agents
therapeutic use
Edema
physiopathology
Exudates and Transudates
Humans
Skin Care
Wounds and Injuries
physiopathology
therapy
38
2004
11
24
9
0
2004
12
24
9
0
2004
11
24
9
0
ppublish
15551919
12654015
2003
03
25
2008
05
15
1524-475X
11 Suppl 1
2003
Mar
Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society
Wound bed preparation: a systematic approach to wound management.
S1-28
The healing process in acute wounds has been extensively studied and the knowledge derived from these studies has often been extrapolated to the care of chronic wounds, on the assumption that nonhealing chronic wounds were simply aberrations of the normal tissue repair process. However, this approach is less than satisfactory, as the chronic wound healing process differs in many important respects from that seen in acute wounds. In chronic wounds, the orderly sequence of events seen in acute wounds becomes disrupted or "stuck" at one or more of the different stages of wound healing. For the normal repair process to resume, the barrier to healing must be identified and removed through application of the correct techniques. It is important, therefore, to understand the molecular events that are involved in the wound healing process in order to select the most appropriate intervention. Wound bed preparation is the management of a wound in order to accelerate endogenous healing or to facilitate the effectiveness of other therapeutic measures. Experts in wound management consider that wound bed preparation is an important concept with significant potential as an educational tool in wound management. This article was developed after a meeting of wound healing experts in June 2002 and is intended to provide an overview of the current status, role, and key elements of wound bed preparation. Readers will be able to examine the following issues; the current status of wound bed preparation; an analysis of the acute and chronic wound environments; how wound healing can take place in these environments; the role of wound bed preparation in the clinic; the clinical and cellular components of the wound bed preparation concept; a detailed analysis of the components of wound bed preparation.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Schultz
Gregory S
GS
Sibbald
R Gary
RG
Falanga
Vincent
V
Ayello
Elizabeth A
EA
Dowsett
Caroline
C
Harding
Keith
K
Romanelli
Marco
M
Stacey
Michael C
MC
Teot
Luc
L
Vanscheidt
Wolfgang
W
eng
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
United States
Wound Repair Regen
9310939
IM
Cell Proliferation
Debridement
methods
Humans
Prognosis
Wound Healing
physiology
Wounds and Injuries
pathology
surgery
107
2003
3
26
5
0
2008
5
16
9
0
2003
3
26
5
0
ppublish
12654015
1129
18754194
2008
08
29
2008
10
29
0969-0700
17
8
2008
Aug
Journal of wound care
Biofilms and chronic wound inflammation.
333-41
In contrast to the commonly accepted hypothesis of host-centred pathology, it is possible that surface bacteria, not host dysfunction, cause the chronicity and perpetual inflammation associated with chronic non-healing wounds.
Southwest Regional Wound Care Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA. randy@randalwolcott.com
Wolcott
R D
RD
Rhoads
D D
DD
Dowd
S E
SE
eng
Journal Article
Review
England
J Wound Care
9417080
0
Cytokines
EC 3.4.-
Peptide Hydrolases
N
Biofilms
Chronic Disease
Cytokines
metabolism
Host-Pathogen Interactions
immunology
Humans
Inflammation
immunology
microbiology
Neutrophil Activation
immunology
Peptide Hydrolases
metabolism
Skin Ulcer
immunology
microbiology
Wounds and Injuries
immunology
microbiology
89
2008
8
30
9
0
2008
10
31
9
0
2008
8
30
9
0
ppublish
18754194
12964220
2003
09
10
2003
10
10
2006
11
15
0969-0700
10
2
2001
Feb
Journal of wound care
Effects of adhesive dressings on the stratum corneum of the skin.
7-10
Two human models were developed to quantify the stratum corneum removed by different adhesive dressings and to measure the peel force of dressing removal and relate this to stratum corneum removal. The first was an open study designed to compare the effects of applying Mepiform Safetac, Tielle and Duoderm Extra Thin to the skin of 12 normal volunteers aged 19-53 years. Treatments were applied once (one 24-hour application) or three times (three x 24-hour applications) to forearm skin which had been prestained with methylene blue. After dressing removal the dye left on the skin was sampled using the skin surface biopsy method and measured spectrophotometrically. The results show that, after one and three applications, the Mepiform Safetac sites had a higher level of dye than those on which the other dressings had been applied (p < 0.05, after three applications). Based on the assumption that the more dye is left on the skin, the less damage is caused, this suggests that Mepiform Safetac is less damaging to the skin surface than the other products tested. In the second study the peel force needed to remove adhesive dressings from prestained skin was measured and related to the amount of stratum corneum removed. Mepilex Border Safetac, Duoderm Extra Thin, Allevyn Adhesive, Biatain Adhesive and Tielle Hydropolymer Dressing were compared in 20 normal volunteers aged 23-64 years. Three consecutive 24-hour applications of each product were made, with measurements of peel force at 24, 48 and 72 hours. The amount of dye remaining on the skin at 72 hours was assessed by the surface biopsy method. Statistically significant differences between products were observed in terms of both peak force and steady state force of removal. Differences in the level of damage to the superficial stratum corneum were also detected. However, low levels of peel force were not always associated with low damage and, therefore, other factors must contribute to stratum corneum removal in this model.
Department of Dermatology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
Dykes
P J
PJ
Heggie
R
R
Hill
S A
SA
eng
Clinical Trial
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
J Wound Care
9417080
0
Adhesives
0
Colloids
0
Polymers
0
Silicones
61-73-4
Methylene Blue
N
Adhesives
adverse effects
Adult
Bandages, Hydrocolloid
Biopsy
Colloids
adverse effects
Epidermis
injuries
Epithelium
injuries
Female
Humans
Male
Methylene Blue
Middle Aged
Models, Theoretical
Occlusive Dressings
adverse effects
Polymers
adverse effects
Silicones
adverse effects
Spectrophotometry
2003
9
11
5
0
2003
10
11
5
0
2003
9
11
5
0
ppublish
12964220
15807807
2005
04
05
2005
07
19
2006
11
15
0909-752X
11
2
2005
May
Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI)
Skin irritation due to repetitive application of adhesive tape: the influence of adhesive strength and seasonal variability.
102-6
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Influence of the repetitive application of pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes on skin was evaluated. METHODS: Two kinds of tapes with different adhesive strengths were repetitively applied to the inside of the forearm of six volunteers in winter and summer, in order to examine the dermal peeling force, the amount of stripped corneocytes, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration and deepened skin furrows (changes in skin surface topography) in the epidermal stratum corneum. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: As adhesive tapes were applied repetitively, dermal peeling force gradually increased while the amount of stripped corneocytes decreased. As the cumulative amount of stripped corneocytes increased with repetitive applications, the skin irritation worsened as measured by increased destruction of the skin surface topography and TEWL. These phenomena were more marked with the stronger adhesive tape, and there was seasonal variability.
The Third Research Group of Japanese Society for Cutaneous Health, Nishinanajyo, Kyoto, Japan.
Tokumura
Fumio
F
Umekage
Kazuo
K
Sado
Masashi
M
Otsuka
Saburo
S
Suda
Shin
S
Taniguchi
Masaharu
M
Yamori
Akira
A
Nakamura
Atsushi
A
Kawai
Jun
J
Oka
Keiji
K
eng
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Denmark
Skin Res Technol
9504453
IM
Adhesiveness
Adult
Bandages
adverse effects
Dermatitis, Contact
diagnosis
etiology
physiopathology
Epidermis
physiopathology
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Seasons
Severity of Illness Index
2005
4
6
9
0
2005
7
20
9
0
2005
4
6
9
0
ppublish
SRT88
10.1111/j.1600-0846.2005.00088.x
15807807
15536659
2004
11
09
2005
02
10
2008
11
21
0909-752X
10
4
2004
Nov
Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI)
Experiments on peeling adhesive tapes from human forearms.
271-7
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Peeling of adhesive tape from hu-man skin can cause pain and trauma. The effects of the peel angle, peel rate, dwell time, subject, and order of testing were examined. METHODS: Adhesive tape was peeled from the volar forearms of four human subjects. The tape was 25.4-mm-wide Durapore by 3M. The rates ranged from 100 to 10,000 mm/min, the peel angle from 90 degrees to 180 degrees, and the dwell time from one to 15 min. The tensile testing machines'recorded the peel force and the displacement of the end of the tape. RESULTS: A range of maximum and average peel force values was observed. The peel force tended to be minimum for a peel angle around 150 degrees in most cases. As the peel rate was increased, the peel force generally tended to increases lightly, but the relationship was erratic. As the dwell time increased, the peel force increased and then settled down. Of the subjects tested, the skin of the oldest subject experienced the most displacement and highest peel forces(the maximum force over all tests was 3.6 N). The peel force tended to increase with repeated peeling from the same skin site. Compared with peeling from a rigid substrate such as steel, the peel force from skin was lower. CONCLUSION: The results improve understanding of the factors affecting the peel force, which has been correlated previously with trauma caused by peeling adhesive tape from skin.
The Charles E. Via, Jr Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA.
Karwoski
A C
AC
Plaut
R H
RH
eng
Comparative Study
Evaluation Studies
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Denmark
Skin Res Technol
9504453
0
Tissue Adhesives
IM
Adhesiveness
Adult
Bandages
Elasticity
Equipment Failure Analysis
methods
Female
Forearm
physiology
Humans
Male
Materials Testing
methods
Middle Aged
Skin Physiological Phenomena
Stress, Mechanical
Tensile Strength
Tissue Adhesives
chemistry
classification
2004
11
13
9
0
2005
2
11
9
0
2004
11
13
9
0
ppublish
15536659
16711170
2006
05
22
2006
06
27
2006
11
15
0969-0700
15
5
2006
May
Journal of wound care
Biophysical effects of repetitive removal of adhesive dressings on peri-ulcer skin.
187-91
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of repeated removal of four different adhesive dressings on peri-ulcer skin using quantitative non-invasive techniques. METHOD: Forty-five patients with open (n = 29) or healed (n = 16) venous leg ulcers were included. Peri-ulcer skin was treated for 14 days with patches of two different hydrocolloid-based adhesive dressings, one polyurethane adhesive and one soft silicone adhesive dressing. Normal skin of the patients' ventral forearm was also treated identically. Adhesive patches of the dressings were replaced every second day. The skin barrier function was assessed by measuring transepidermal water loss and stratum corneum hydration by measuring electrical conductance. RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients completed the study. The hydrocolloid adhesives increased transepidermal water loss and conductance while the polyurethane and soft silicone adhesives did not influence these parameters significantly compared with adjacent non-treated peri-ulcer skin. For normal forearm skin, similar relative effects among the four adhesives were found. CONCLUSION: Repetitive treatment with hydrocolloid-based adhesive dressings induced major functional alterations of the stratum corneum. In contrast, a polyurethane adhesive and a soft silicone adhesive dressing did not alter transepidermal water loss or conductance of peri-ulcer skin.
Copenhagen Wound Healing Centre, I Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Zillmer
R
R
Agren
M S
MS
Gottrup
F
F
Karlsmark
T
T
eng
Comparative Study
Controlled Clinical Trial
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
J Wound Care
9417080
0
Adhesives
0
Polyurethanes
0
Silicones
N
Adhesives
adverse effects
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Bandages
adverse effects
Bandages, Hydrocolloid
Dermatitis
etiology
prevention & control
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Polyurethanes
Silicones
Varicose Ulcer
therapy
Water Loss, Insensible
2006
5
23
9
0
2006
6
28
9
0
2006
5
23
9
0
ppublish
16711170
17479791
2007
05
07
2007
06
12
0029-6570
21
32
2007 Apr 18-24
Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)
Understanding the role of proteases and pH in wound healing.
68, 70, 72 passim
Recent research into chronic and non-healing wounds has helped increase our knowledge and understanding of the destructive processes that occur in wounds. Advanced dressings, such as protease-modulating dressings, have been developed to reduce the effects of these processes and re-establish a molecular balance in the wound bed. To use these dressings accurately, nurses need to understand the events that occur at a molecular level in the wound bed and the phases of wound healing so that they can act appropriately if a wound becomes 'stuck' in one of these phases.
Priory Fields Surgery, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire.
Rushton
I
I
eng
Journal Article
Review
England
Nurs Stand
9012906
EC 3.4.24.-
Matrix Metalloproteinases
N
Bandages
Chronic Disease
Evidence-Based Medicine
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Infection Control
methods
Matrix Metalloproteinases
antagonists & inhibitors
drug effects
physiology
Nurse's Role
Risk Factors
Skin Care
methods
nursing
Wound Healing
physiology
Wound Infection
complications
prevention & control
Wounds and Injuries
physiopathology
prevention & control
14
2007
5
8
9
0
2007
6
15
9
0
2007
5
8
9
0
ppublish
17479791
15739652
2005
03
02
2005
05
03
2006
11
15
0969-0700
14
2
2005
Feb
Journal of wound care
Proteases and pH in chronic wounds.
59-61
Smith & Nephew Research Centre, York, UK. bryan.greener@smith-nephew.com
Greener
B
B
Hughes
A A
AA
Bannister
N P
NP
Douglass
J
J
eng
Journal Article
Review
England
J Wound Care
9417080
0
Ointments
EC 3.4.-
Cathepsins
EC 3.4.-
Peptide Hydrolases
EC 3.4.21.-
Serine Endopeptidases
EC 3.4.21.20
cathepsin G
EC 3.4.21.36
Pancreatic Elastase
EC 3.4.21.7
Plasmin
EC 3.4.24.24
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
N
Bandages
Cathepsins
analysis
physiology
Chronic Disease
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
analysis
physiology
Ointments
therapeutic use
Pancreatic Elastase
analysis
physiology
Peptide Hydrolases
analysis
physiology
Plasmin
analysis
physiology
Serine Endopeptidases
analysis
physiology
Skin Care
methods
Wound Healing
physiology
Wounds and Injuries
enzymology
34
2005
3
3
9
0
2005
5
4
9
0
2005
3
3
9
0
ppublish
15739652
19418781
2009
05
07
2009
06
02
0969-0700
18
2
2009
Feb
Journal of wound care
Regular debridement is the main tool for maintaining a healthy wound bed in most chronic wounds.
54-6
Sharp debridement is the most clinically and cost-effective way of physically removing and suppressing a biofilm. Continued debridement, as part of a multifaceted treatment strategy, will keep the biofilm in a weakened state.
Southwest Regional Wound Care Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
Wolcott
R D
RD
Kennedy
J P
JP
Dowd
S E
SE
eng
Journal Article
Review
England
J Wound Care
9417080
N
Animals
Autolysis
Biofilms
growth & development
Chronic Disease
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Debridement
economics
methods
Humans
Larva
Skin Care
economics
methods
Treatment Outcome
Wound Healing
Wound Infection
microbiology
prevention & control
35
2009
5
8
9
0
2009
5
8
9
0
2009
6
3
9
0
ppublish
19418781
12000383
2002
05
09
2002
06
28
2004
11
17
0007-0963
146
5
2002
May
The British journal of dermatology
Br. J. Dermatol.
Skin irritation thresholds in hairdressers: implications for the development of hand dermatitis.
849-52
BACKGROUND: Individuals vary in their ability to react to irritants. OBJECTIVES: To observe the development of clinical hand dermatitis and sensitization prospectively in trainee hairdressers and to compare this with their irritant threshold to sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). METHODS: Subjects were patch tested to a limited series of occupational importance and their irritant threshold to SLS was determined; patch testing was repeated 6 months later and subjects were assessed for hand dermatitis. RESULTS: The development of hand dermatitis was associated with a lower irritant threshold. A similar association was not found for sensitization. CONCLUSIONS: The development of clinical dermatitis in prospectively followed subjects with greater irritant reactivity has not previously been identified. The association of greater irritant reactivity with a proinflammatory cytokine polymorphism may partly explain this. Further development of the irritant threshold test could contribute to the identification of non-atopic subjects at risk of occupational skin disease.
Contact Dermatitis Clinic, St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
Smith
H R
HR
Armstrong
D K B
DK
Holloway
D
D
Whittam
L
L
Basketter
D A
DA
McFadden
J P
JP
eng
Journal Article
England
Br J Dermatol
0004041
0
Hair Preparations
0
Irritants
IM
Adolescent
Adult
Beauty Culture
Dermatitis, Irritant
etiology
Dermatitis, Occupational
etiology
Disease Susceptibility
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Hair Preparations
adverse effects
Hand Dermatoses
chemically induced
Humans
Irritants
toxicity
Male
Middle Aged
Patch Tests
methods
Prospective Studies
2002
5
10
10
0
2002
6
29
10
1
2002
5
10
10
0
ppublish
12000383
4718